With commercially driven research in bio-fuels, IndianOil’s R&D Centre is in the league of front line institutions engaged in such work. Due to the fact that the first generation of biofuels such as biodiesel could not gain commercial scale in the country due to non-availability of feedstock like Jatropha and Karanjia in sufficient quantities, the DBT began to consider developing second generation biofuels from agricultural wastes. It decided to set up a centre for Centre for Energy Biosciences at Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai in 2008. However, drawing lessons from the experience of other countries such as the United States, DBT soon realized that the country needed more than one dedicated centre to simultaneously work on various aspects of commercialization of biomass to biofuel.